National Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks: Development Characteristics, Regional Differences, and Experience Inspiration—Case Study of 200 NMAIPs in China

Agricultural industries are the foundation of modernization agricultural and rural areas in China. National Modern Industrial Parks (NMAIPs) provides a considerable nationwide platform for industries. We take 200 NMAIPs China as objects. Through spatial analysis, Herfindahl–Hirschman index, SBM-DEA model, we analyzed development characteristics regional differences from muti-level perspective national planning, provincial coordination, county implementation to propose policy recommendations aimed at sustainable high-quality development. The results follows: (1) Regarding geospatial characteristics, unevenly distributed, with decreasing gradient east west. direction is (northward) west (southward), consistent Hu line. distribution density shows that dense sparse. (2) For industrial concentration, leading tend be homogenous. HHI indicates homogenization widely represented each province. low oligopolistic central eastern regions China, while highly locations western northeastern provinces. (3) In inputs–outputs efficiency, comprehensive technical efficiency high but not optimal, values south north. Ten provinces non-effective. According inputs outputs, ineffective contribution population townships covered, occupied area capital collective economy barriers, output value cannot fully drive employment income farmers. Further improvements needed terms both pure scale adjustments operations should response different returns scale. Our research provide NMAIPs, including establishment multi-level management mechanism, balancing development, diversifying coordinating industries, improving utilization factors.